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The Evolution Site The theory of natural selection as the basis of evolution is the central force in the current biology. It connects disciplines that are as diverse as genetics microbiology and Palaeontology. However the study of evolution is often controversial and the misinformation that results can confuse people about its basic concepts. This site explains the fundamental concepts. What is Evolution? Modern evolutionary theory is based on the gradual and cumulative changes that happen in populations over time. These changes are a result of natural selection, which increases the number of organisms that possess beneficial traits that help them survive and reproduce in a particular environment. They produce more offspring as a result of their positive characteristics. This results in the genetic changes that can eventually lead to the creation of new species. The term “evolution” is often associated with the notion of “survival of the fittest” which implies that individuals who are best adapted to a particular set of environmental conditions will have an advantage over those who are not well-adapted. In actuality, this is only one of many ways that evolution could occur. Another common way the word evolution is used is to suggest that a species will eventually change from one state to the next one. This type of view of evolution could be described as anagenetic or cladogenesis. This view is not supported by the definition of evolution in science. The evolutionary theory that scientists have developed changes focuses on the changes that occur in populations over time. These changes are the result mutations which result in natural selection and genetic variation. Charles Darwin was one of the scientists who backed this idea. Others, such as Alfred Russel Wallace, who came up with the macroevolution theory, believed that this was the only way that the higher forms of life could have evolved from the lower forms. A theory must stand up to rigorous tests and evidence to be considered a theory. The evidence for evolution has stood up to the test of time and has been supported by a myriad of studies across a wide range of scientific disciplines, from biology to geology, chemistry to astronomy. Evolution is a cornerstone of science and is believed by the majority of scientists across the globe. However, many people have misconceptions about the theory of evolution, and particularly how it is related to religion. What is the Theory of Evolution (Evolutionary Theory)? Evolution is the scientific explanation of the way living things change over time. It is based on a variety of well-established observable facts that show that more offspring are often produced than can possibly survive; that individuals differ from each other in their physical characteristics (phenotype) and that distinct traits confer varying rates of survival and reproduction; and that traits can be passed down to future generations. These findings are backed by an increasing body of evidence drawn from molecular biology, palaeontology climatology functional geology and morphology. The theory of evolution by natural selection was developed independently by Charles Darwin and Alfred Russel Wallace in the late 19th century to provide an explanation for how organisms adapt to their biological and physical environments. It is the most widely accepted and tested theory in science. Its predictions have been proved out by the evidence that, for instance complex organisms are more likely to have fewer genetic mutations than simpler ones. In addition, the more efficient an organism is in being able to reproduce and survive in its ability to reproduce, the more likely it will be to pass its genes to the next generation. Some people oppose evolution because they think it implies that there is no purpose to life. However, many scientists who are also religious such as the renowned Cambridge palaeontologist Simon Conway Morris, believe that evolution is not just compatible with belief in God but also enhances it (BioLogos 2014). Many highly qualified evolutionary biologists have been involved in the development and testing the theory of evolution, including several highly respected evangelical Christian leaders. Many of these scientists have contributed to the understanding of a broad variety of phenomena such as phylogenetics, genomics, and the formation and role of fossils. The word “theory” which is often used incorrectly is a reference to a scientific hypothesis that has been tested and refined over a long period of time. Scientists test their theories by repeating the experiment or observations that resulted in them. Thus, the theory of evolution has been repeatedly tested out and so have the theories of Copernican, germ theory, and atomic theory. What is the Process of Evolution? The process of evolution is the gradual change over time in the ratio of genetically distinct individuals within a specific species. This change is a result of the natural selection of individuals that are more well-adapted to their environment. The better-adapted individuals have a better chance of survival and reproduction. As more people survive and reproduce, their genes become more prevalent in the population. This is sometimes described as “survival of the most fittest.” According to the theory of evolution, mutations that lead to genetic variation are the primary reason for evolutionary change. These mutations may occur randomly or be affected by the environment. If mutations are random, the resulting allele frequencies may differ from generation to generation. If a mutation is beneficial it will increase the allele frequency, causing the allele to be spread across the population. Over time, these changes in allele frequencies could lead to the formation of new species. The new species could develop further and evolve into newer forms. This process is called macroevolution. The formation of a new species is usually caused by changes in the environment which provide certain types of resources available or create new environmental challenges. The evolution of finches in the Galapagos Islands, for example is due to the availability of fresh food and the need to defend themselves against predators. In a broader context, evolution can be defined as any change in the character of living organisms over time. This change can be subtle, like the development of a new color or a dramatic change, such as the formation of an organ. Scientists who believe in the theory of evolution generally agree that genetic changes are crucial in the process of the process of generating evolution. They also acknowledge that the process of evolution takes place over a lengthy period of time, typically millions of years. However, they differ over the importance of different factors that speed up or slow down the process, including the role of environmental pressures, sexual selection, and mutation bias. Despite these disagreements, most scientists believe that evolution is real and the evidence to prove it is overwhelming. What evidence can be found for evolution? Since Darwin's time, scientists have collected evidence to support his theory of evolution. Some of this evidence comes from fossils which show the changing characteristics of living things over time. Other evidence is found in similarities between living organisms embryology, biogeography, genetics and comparative anatomy. The evolutionary tree is the most effective method of proving evolution. It demonstrates how species are closely related. Homologous structures are another source of evidence. They share a similar structure but perform different functions in different species, for instance, the wings of a bat or bird. The fact that different species evolve and adapt to a similar environment is another sign of evolution. For instance, arctic foxes and Ptarmigans wear white pelts during the winter months that blend in with the snow and ice. This is a form of convergent evolution that suggests that the species had common ancestral ancestors. Another piece of evidence is the existence of vestigial structures. These are unusable parts of an organism that may have served a function in the distant ancestor. The human appendix, for instance, is a vestige from an organ that was used to digest food. These structures tend to shrink in size when they are no longer utilized, a process known as natural selection. 무료 에볼루션 have also collected other evidence of evolution through observation and experimentation. The evidence for evolution can be divided into six categories: directly observed small-scale changes in biogeographic distribution and comparative anatomy, the fossil record, genetics, and classification. Each of these provides convincing evidence that evolution of life took place. Many people are misinformed about the theory of evolution. However, it's an actual fact. It is not just a theory; it is a mighty collection of years of research and observation that has been tested and proven. Regardless of what people believe or don't believe about the theory of evolution scientists continue to research and collect new data to better understand the history of life on Earth. This knowledge will allow scientists to better understand how to avoid future global catastrophes and how to use the resources of our planet. It will also allow us to better serve the needs of the people on this planet.